Cardiac Arrest is a medical emergency that occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating effectively, leading to the cessation of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. This condition is different from a heart attack, though they can be related. In cardiac arrest, the heart’s electrical system malfunctions, leading to irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT), which disrupt the heart’s ability to pump blood.
Causes of Cardiac Arrest:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD): The most common cause, where blocked arteries reduce blood flow to the heart muscle.
- Heart attack (Myocardial Infarction): Can trigger a cardiac arrest, as the damage to the heart muscle may affect its electrical system.
- Arrhythmias: Conditions like atrial fibrillation or ventricular arrhythmias can lead to cardiac arrest.
- Electrocution: Electrical shock can interfere with the heart’s electrical system.
- Severe trauma: Physical injury or blood loss can trigger cardiac arrest.
- Drug overdose or poisoning: Certain substances can impair the heart’s ability to function.
Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest:
- Sudden collapse
- Loss of consciousness
- Absence of breathing or abnormal breathing
- No pulse or a weak pulse
Immediate Treatment:
Cardiac arrest requires immediate medical attention. The following steps should be taken:
- Call emergency services (911 or equivalent): Immediate professional medical help is crucial.
- CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation): Chest compressions should be started immediately to maintain circulation to vital organs.
- Defibrillation: Using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) can help restore a normal heart rhythm. It is most effective when used within minutes of cardiac arrest.
- Advanced life support: This is performed by medical professionals, often involving medications and procedures to stabilize the heart and restore a normal rhythm.
Prognosis:
The survival rate for cardiac arrest depends on how quickly treatment is initiated. Without immediate intervention (like CPR and defibrillation), survival is rare. However, when treated quickly, survival rates improve significantly, especially when the cause is reversible.
